2008年12月15日 星期一
柿子,去澀才能入口
http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=1105052602157
利用酒精脫澀所得的柿果品質最佳,香味濃郁,為目前日本最主要的脫澀方法之一,但所需花費時間較長,而且易因操作不當(溫度或酒精濃度),使柿果表皮出現黑褐色之水浸狀,影響外觀。以平核無為例:在果皮2/3轉呈橙黃色,始可採收。採收時連同套袋一起採收,小心放入塑膠籃內,並以海棉墊片保護,防止因果實碰傷而造成酒精脫澀後裂果及水傷。採收之果實最好放置於陰涼處,隔夜後再處理。脫澀時常以塑膠籃裝箱,內襯以0.08mm厚的塑膠袋,以海棉片墊底,果實分層排列,果梗朝上,層與層之間以舊報紙填充,用燒杯或鉅斷的寶特瓶裝酒精,置於最上層中央,最後束緊塑膠袋口。酒精用量通常依果實重量計算,每公斤須95%酒精3~4cc。如塑膠籃可裝果實25公斤,須酒精75~100cc。酒精用量過多或果皮直接接觸到高濃度之酒精,會傷害到果皮,引起果皮皺縮。為防止酒精外溢,可將酒精稀釋一倍,並在杯中放入吸水紙或海綿(圖3)。脫澀時在30ºC需要3~4日,35ºC需2~3日,40ºC需1~2日。其中以35ºC之脫澀效果最佳。
******************
柿子會澀原因及何謂脫澀
柿子果實中含有強烈澀味,主要是因為柿子果肉中含有大量可溶性單寧物質。柿子單寧主要由兒茶酸、兒茶酸-3-培鹽酸、表兒茶酸、表兒茶酸-3-培鹽酸及一種未知的terminal residue所組成。單寧物質位於特殊的單寧細胞液胞中,而單寧細胞大小及含量,會因柿子品種及成熟度而異。柿子單寧在溶解狀態下食用有澀味之感覺,而在不溶性呈凝膠下食用便不會感覺到澀味,主是因為舌頭上之味蕾會和分子量小的可溶性單寧分子結合,因此食用時會感覺到澀味,不溶性單寧為凝膠狀大分子,味蕾無法與之結合所以感覺不到澀味。一般柿子果實可溶性單寧含量降到0.5%以下就可食用,脫澀程度可用5% FeCl3溶液浸染Whatman No.1濾紙,陰乾製成單寧試紙測試。
將單寧由可溶性狀態聚合變成不可溶性凝膠狀的過程,一般稱為脫澀。脫澀可在果實成熟時自然進行,如甘柿,在樹上成熟過程中,可溶性單寧會逐漸聚合成不可溶單寧。澀柿在樹上完熟軟化時,也會自然脫澀;此外,澀柿系統亦可用不同人工脫澀處理,促使澀柿中的可溶性單寧聚合,使澀味去除,其方法如後述。
不同脫澀方法及其優缺點
一、溫水脫澀
此為大陸之傳統脫澀方法,將柿果浸於40~50ºC之溫水中,經15~24小時即可脫澀成脆柿。為使脫澀完全,可在水中加入打碎的柿子或柿子的葉片、稻草等。此法的缺點在於水溫不易控制,脫澀後之果實風味較淡泊、不耐貯放且易有裂果現象,所以本省使用不多。以此法處理的柿子常稱為水柿。
二、石灰懸浮液浸漬
本省牛心柿最常用的脆柿脫澀法,其脫水池構造如圖1。將柿果浸泡於3~12%氧化鈣(石灰懸浮液)溶液中,在常溫(25ºC)下約4~6天即可脫澀。以此法處理的柿果,果皮上往往會附上一層白色的碳酸鈣(圖2),影響果實外觀,在食用上也較不方便、不衛生,而且脫澀後果實放置時間短。此外,石灰懸浮液浸漬的柿果,溫度控制不當時,在果頂處易發生不正常軟化,的深褐色軟化(俗稱水傷),嚴重影響販售品質。
三、酒精處理
利用酒精脫澀所得的柿果品質最佳,香味濃郁,為目前日本最主要的脫澀方法之一,但所需花費時間較長,而且易因操作不當(溫度或酒精濃度),使柿果表皮出現黑褐色之水浸狀,影響外觀。以平核無為例:在果皮2/3轉呈橙黃色,始可採收。採收時連同套袋一起採收,小心放入塑膠籃內,並以海棉墊片保護,防止因果實碰傷而造成酒精脫澀後裂果及水傷。採收之果實最好放置於陰涼處,隔夜後再處理。脫澀時常以塑膠籃裝箱,內襯以0.08mm厚的塑膠袋,以海棉片墊底,果實分層排列,果梗朝上,層與層之間以舊報紙填充,用燒杯或鉅斷的寶特瓶裝酒精,置於最上層中央,最後束緊塑膠袋口。酒精用量通常依果實重量計算,每公斤須95%酒精3~4cc。如塑膠籃可裝果實25公斤,須酒精75~100cc。酒精用量過多或果皮直接接觸到高濃度之酒精,會傷害到果皮,引起果皮皺縮。為防止酒精外溢,可將酒精稀釋一倍,並在杯中放入吸水紙或海綿(圖3)。脫澀時在30ºC需要3~4日,35ºC需2~3日,40ºC需1~2日。其中以35ºC之脫澀效果最佳。
四、二氧化碳處理
二氧化碳脫澀法之應用是由日本人在本世紀初所發現。處理的方法為將柿果置於一密閉之容器或環境中,將二氧化碳注入、或使用乾冰,使二氧化碳氣體充滿整個空間(圖4),在20ºC下約3~4天即可完成脫澀。以二氧化碳脫澀方法速度最快,柿果果皮外觀清潔,且「水傷」之情形少。其最大之缺點缺點是脫澀後果實容易軟化,櫥架壽命短。
五、人為催熟處理
早期是以尖硬的鐵釘等器物,在柿果蒂部戳孔,滴入苛性鈉(庚油,即草木灰浸出液),將果實果梗朝上,置於室溫下3-4天後果實轉紅、果肉變軟,即可食用,俗稱「軟柿」、「紅柿」,所使用的鹼,可於化工原料所購買,其作用主要為刺激果實產生乙烯,使果實後熟軟化而達到脫澀作用。現已使用在柿果裝箱時置入電石,在運輸過程中,柿果便會後熟軟化;或外加益收(ethephon,乙烯釋放劑)處理,亦可使柿果軟化及脫澀。
www.tdais.gov.tw/search/books/ special/46/5柿子之脫澀a.doc
柿子,去澀才能入口
福智佛教基金會編輯室
在少數有機水果中,脆柿是普受歡迎的一種,金黃、脆甜的柿子,在里仁賣場常被搶購一空,不過美味可不是本地種柿子的原味!從果樹採下的脆柿,保證澀味十足、難以下嚥,即使是紅軟熟透的柿子大部分也不例外。因此每顆可以享用的柿子,都必定經過「脫澀」,才能展現脆甜的風味。
柿子在未軟化前,約七、八分熟即可摘採,如此才能保持脆柿的特色「脆」,相對的其澀味亦較其他品種(如軟柿)來得重。摘下的柿子首先依成熟度分級,因為不同的熟度,處理「脫澀」的時間也有所不同。
一般「脫澀」的方法有石灰浸漬法、酒精噴灑法、二氧化碳氣體脫澀法、香燻法多種,各有特色,里仁是採龍眼葉浸泡法,此法簡單易做,這是利用浸泡液發酵去氧,使柿果處在無氧環境中,行分子間呼吸,產生酒精後,令可溶性單寧變成不可溶性,舌頭就感覺不到澀味,達到脫澀。脫澀大致的過程是:
將柿子洗淨放入桶中,再以損壞或完好的柿子刨絲或打碎覆蓋於柿子上,加冷水約五分滿。
另將龍眼葉(或柿葉、芭樂葉)加水煮沸溫涼,即成脫澀發酵液。柿子浸泡三~五天後試吃,若去澀完全則可食用。
將龍眼葉水倒入桶中,水量需完全淹蓋柿子,再於柿子上覆蓋龍眼葉,不令柿子浮出水面,最後再將容器密封。
經龍眼葉浸泡法或酒精法去澀的果實,仍會繼續後熟軟化,所以買回家後需冷藏避免太快軟化。若放置室溫下二~三天,內部果肉會變黑。
了解脫澀的過程後,會發現許多事物都不是理所當然,自然發生的,甜美的果實背後都有許多人辛苦的付出。
2008年12月7日 星期日
滿堂紅火鍋
看到照片就好想回臺北去吃火鍋啊!
滿堂紅目前在仁愛路仁愛國中附近。價錢比一般吃到飽的麻辣鴛鴦火鍋貴百元左右。但差價完全反映在食材的品質上。肥牛、霜降牛、低脂牛以及牛小排,皆使用美國牛肉,現點現切,其他火鍋店必須單點才吃得到的「牛小排」肉片,在滿堂紅晚餐時段,依然無限供應,讓人直呼過癮。
內行食客還會鎖定十二種口味的頂級冰淇淋,兩個時下最in的美、日知名品牌,也隨人盡情享用。難怪即使大熱天,也有不少排隊等候帶位的火鍋迷前來報到。
為了提供更優的品質,雖採吃到飽的方式,所有火鍋料皆由服務生裝盤送上桌,更多的互動,使客人體驗到「服務」的價值。手工鮮蝦丸與手工花枝丸很值得推薦,裝在竹筒裡的是每日現打新鮮魚漿,口感與味道自然更紮實。小菜青梅苦瓜以及用百香果醃漬的青木瓜,開胃醒口,堪稱火鍋良伴。麻辣湯底溫和,以純中藥材熬製不含味精,吃罷令人身心舒暢。
平均消費:399~450/人
推薦料理:麻辣鴛鴦火鍋等
滿堂紅目前在仁愛路仁愛國中附近。價錢比一般吃到飽的麻辣鴛鴦火鍋貴百元左右。但差價完全反映在食材的品質上。肥牛、霜降牛、低脂牛以及牛小排,皆使用美國牛肉,現點現切,其他火鍋店必須單點才吃得到的「牛小排」肉片,在滿堂紅晚餐時段,依然無限供應,讓人直呼過癮。
內行食客還會鎖定十二種口味的頂級冰淇淋,兩個時下最in的美、日知名品牌,也隨人盡情享用。難怪即使大熱天,也有不少排隊等候帶位的火鍋迷前來報到。
為了提供更優的品質,雖採吃到飽的方式,所有火鍋料皆由服務生裝盤送上桌,更多的互動,使客人體驗到「服務」的價值。手工鮮蝦丸與手工花枝丸很值得推薦,裝在竹筒裡的是每日現打新鮮魚漿,口感與味道自然更紮實。小菜青梅苦瓜以及用百香果醃漬的青木瓜,開胃醒口,堪稱火鍋良伴。麻辣湯底溫和,以純中藥材熬製不含味精,吃罷令人身心舒暢。
平均消費:399~450/人
推薦料理:麻辣鴛鴦火鍋等
2008年12月5日 星期五
花生滷豬腳 & 花生燉雞湯
花生滷豬腳
花生滷豬腳
【今日達人:連愛卿,美食家】(簡便電鍋菜)
材料:豬前腳1支、梅花肉300公克
辛香料:青蔥35克、八角3粒、甘草2片、辣椒2根、蒜仁35克
調味料:醬油240公克、蠔油40公克、鹽8公克、冰糖45公克、花雕酒35c.c.、百草粉5公克、水2200c.c.、青蒜30公克
作法:
1.花生仁洗淨至水清,流動清水淹滿,加入15公克鹽浸泡約3小時,洗淨後瀝乾。
2.豬腳刮洗乾淨,剁塊,用滾水汆燙過,洗淨、瀝乾。梅花肉洗淨切塊備用。
3.鍋內放入一碗沙拉油,熱勻分次將豬腳略為炸過,舀起放入電子鍋內。
4.餘油放入梅花肉、辛香料炒香,再放入醬油燒熱,再將剩餘的調味料加入電子鍋內,按下開關煮至軟透。
5.待開關跳起,趁熱加入花雕酒拌勻,盛盤後加上青蒜。
TIPS:
1.洗淨的花生浸泡鹽水,較容易煮軟,但湯色會較深,適用於紅滷(滷汁分為紅滷、黃滷、白滷三大類)的料理。
2.電子鍋或電鍋烹調時,內鍋的湯汁較不易燒乾;若以瓦斯爐來滷煮,要小心焦底,配方的水量適用電鍋烹調。
**********************************************************
花生燉雞湯
花生燉雞湯
【今日達人:連愛卿,美食家】(簡便電鍋菜)
材料:全雞一隻約1,500公克、帶膜花生仁500公克、乾香菇50公克,紅棗30公克、當歸2片、八角3粒、老薑10公克、蒜粒45公克、水約3,600cc、香菜少許
調味料:鹽(亦可不加)約12公克、米酒頭25cc
作法:
1.花生仁洗淨至水清,以流動清水淹滿浸泡約3~4小時,瀝乾後冷凍一整夜。
2.將花生取出放入滾水中燙煮,去除苦澀味,撈起瀝乾。香菇泡軟,去菇蒂。
3.雞洗淨,將所有材料放入電子鍋內,煮至開關跳起。
4.加入調味料、撒上香菜即可。
TIPS:
1.花生含蛋白質、油脂,香醇且濃郁,帶膜花生最營養,但須燙煮去除苦澀味。
2.結實的花生仁冷凍後、再烹調加熱,膨脹使得花生較快速煮軟,此法適合白滷的做法。
3.電子鍋因為高壓高溫,比普通電鍋較易煮透。若想要再軟透些,可按下開關再煮一次。
2008-12-05
2008-12-05
2008年6月4日 星期三
蔥油餅 的食譜
蔥油餅
烙蔥油餅
冷凍起來以後慢慢吃
*******************
蔥油餅 的食譜
*******************
中筋麵粉 ... 21/2杯 (flour 2 1/2 cups)
冷水 ... 1/4杯 (cold water 1/4 cup)
開水 ... 3/4杯 (HOT water 3/4 cup)
油 ... 少許(或豬油) (oil or fat some)
蔥 ... 1杯(連葉切花) (Onion chopped 1cup)
鹽1/4茶匙, 胡椒粉適量 (salt 1/4 tp)
Mix the flour and hot water first. Then add cold water mix together. Roll in a ball and then make it flat add onion and brush some oil. Make it into some small ball. Put in the refrigerator. Let it cold down and relax for 20 ~30 minutes.
Cut out small ball size and make then thin and flat. Put in the fly pan and cook until brown. It should be outside very crisp and inside very soft.
http://recipe.goolu.com/01_catalog/index.php?php=prototype/h017_053_a.htm
****************************
因自己超愛吃蔥油餅.所以最近到處看蔥油餅食譜..發現有好多種做法.及材料. ... 蔥油餅Q中帶軟就算涼了吃也不會變硬.... 想吃略帶酥的口感的話.就略煎焦一點點..這樣就會外面酥裡面Q軟了
... 燙麵Q軟,冷水麵煎炸後香脆,所以用半燙麵可以做出表皮香脆而內裡Q軟的蔥油餅和抓餅。 蔥油餅 10張 "脆中帶軟,軟中帶Q " 的蔥"抓"餅
使用中筋麵燙麵不要加放鹽,因為那樣會增加麵食的軔性和增加它的Q度出來。 燙麵的功夫,就是要把麵燙的越沒筋度、越軟越好吃。
冷藏過後的..吃起來爆軟爆Q的!!先放冷藏!!早上煎了兩片當早餐..吃起來就好像比昨天現做的軟.真的有差說!!!****************************
蔥油餅(附食譜)為食加菲 | 5th Dec 2007 | 中式點心 | (3663 Reads)
http://janetnetchu.mysinablog.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=892380
蔥油餅食譜
材料 : (4張)份
A料: 中筋粉200G, 鹽2G, 沸水100G, 冷水60G.
B料 : 蔥花3條, 菜油1/4杯, 麻油1茶匙, 鹽1/4茶匙, 胡椒粉適量.
做法 :
1. 將A料中的粉和鹽過篩, 沖入沸水, 用筷子快速攪拌成雪花片狀, 再加入冷水混合搓揉成糰, 盖上保鮮紙醒20分鐘, 取出揉成光滑之麵糰.
2. 麻油加菜油一起燒熱, 沖入蔥花及鹽中, 下胡椒粉拌勻成蔥油餡.
3. 將麵糰分割成80G一個, 擀成大薄圓麵皮, 抹上蔥油餡, 捲成豬腸粉狀再盤成螺旋狀, 保鮮紙蓋面放冷藏醒20分鐘.
4. 將麵糰取出擀成薄餅. 易潔鍋放1湯匙油, 煎至兩面上色, 加1湯匙水, 蓋上鍋蓋, 煎至沒水聲, 再下1茶匙油, 煎至兩面金黃即成.
**放入水一起煎的作用是可使餅外脆內嫩, 生餅皮可一次多做, 以保鮮袋分隔開後放入冷凍箱, 隨時食都可以**
************************************************************
中筋麵粉..1000g
沸水..560g
冷水..240g
碎肥豬肉..400g
沙拉油..少許
蔥屑..200g
食鹽..20g
(一)麵粉放入攪拌缸,先沖入沸水(90度c以上)用筷子攪拌成塊狀,再慢慢加入冷水,揉成軟麵糰(放置醒麵30分鐘)。
(二)將麵糰分成12份,每份150g,分別桿成薄皮後,加上碎肥豬肉(可用沙拉油代替)、鹽、蔥屑,捲成長筒狀,盤成螺旋形,放冷藏鬆弛30分鐘後,再桿成餅。
(三)平底鍋稍熱後,加少許沙拉油,將餅放入,兩面煎黃,層次分明即熟。
◎碎肥豬肉指的是家裡拿來炸豬油的那種肥油攪碎後!在步驟2中包在麵糰裡,煎的時候就會不見了!
◎如果買不到肥豬肉,用豬油也是可以的,不過要冰過等它凝固比較好使用!
◎沙拉油120g是步驟3中用來煎蔥油餅的!自己酌量!
◎多試幾次即可抓到竅門了...
●碎肥豬肉可用沙拉油代替,於步驟2中將沙拉油均勻塗抹在麵皮上即可!
http://www.diybakery.com/recipe/recipelistdetail.asp?ManufactureNo=a025
*************************
【材料】
中筋麵粉 600公克
細鹽 5公克
細砂糖 30公克
70℃溫水 380㏄
豬絞肉 300公克
蔥花 200公克
【調味料】
沙拉油 30㏄
醬油 30公克
細砂糖 15公克
白胡椒粉 3公克
豬油 80公克
【做法】
1.將中筋麵粉、細鹽及細砂糖放入鋼盆中,倒入HOT 熱水 後再加入冷水,以桿麵棍攪拌均勻後,再用雙手揉約3分鐘至勻。
2.取乾淨的濕毛巾或保鮮膜,將作法1材料蓋好,以防表皮乾硬,靜置放冷藏放涼,醒約20分鐘備用。
3.取炒鍋加熱後,加入約30cc沙拉油,放入豬絞肉,以中火炒至肉散開後,加入醬油、細砂糖、白胡椒粉,續以小火炒至水分乾掉後,取出放涼,再加入蔥花拌勻成餡料備用。
4.將作法2醒過的麵糰揉至表面光滑,再將麵糰分成5份,各桿成厚約0.2公分的圓型,於麵糰表面塗上豬油後,灑上作法3餡料,再捲成圓筒狀,盤成圓型,靜置醒約10分鐘備用。
5.將作法4醒過的麵糰壓扁後,桿開成稍厚的圓型麵皮。
6.取平底鍋加熱後,加入約1大匙沙拉油,放入作法5的圓型麵皮,以小火煎至兩面金黃酥脆即可。
***************************************
**************************************
麵的製作配方怎樣才Q?
麵粉加水揉製,全世界都用冷水,用沸水是中式麵食獨有的做法。
加沸水和冷水的差別在於:
一、麵粉的吸水率不同
二、麵粉的性質改變
麵粉可以吸收的沸水,比冷水多一倍以上。純沸水麵糰,如荷葉餅,100克麵粉可加100克沸水,仍然是結實的麵糰。
純冷水麵糰,如餃子皮,100克麵粉只能加40克冷水,如果加100克冷水,它會變成麵糊。
這就是您說的「軟硬度」──配方正確的麵糰,剛開始揉時會有點黏手,越揉越光滑,最後成為軟硬適中的麵糰,感覺就像摸自己的臉頰。加了100克沸水和加了40克冷水的麵糰,軟硬都像這樣,非常接近。
麵粉的性質改變,是指它已經被「燙熟」,所以麵筋無力,比較不會收縮,製作上更方便。
我們在做麵食時,食譜常指示把麵糰「醒」幾分鐘。「醒」就是放置麵糰,使之鬆弛、均質。
剛揉好的冷水麵糰,因為麵筋形成且被拉扯,所以很緊繃,你要擀成什麼形狀,它偏不聽,一直縮來縮去,必需放置一段時間讓它鬆弛,才能擀成需要的形狀而不會變形。
燙麵就沒這問題,不醒也會乖乖聽話。(但是放置一段時間仍然是需要的,這能使兩種麵糰都均質化,本來揉的不好的麵糰,放置一段時間,再一揉,會變得光滑許多。)
燙麵和冷水麵,因為這些不同,所以烹調法也不同。
燙麵適合蒸(蒸餃、湯包)、煎(鍋貼、蔥油餅、餡餅)、烙(菜盒子、荷葉餅)
冷水麵都是用煮的(麵條、餃子、餛飩、貓耳朵),少數用炸的(巧果)
蒸、煎、烙這三種方法,麵食都不易吸收到水份,所以不能用冷水麵做,必需用含很多水份的燙麵製做。由於沒有直接沾到水,所以吃起來口感特別Q,不軟爛,也因為麵筋失效,它的Q度來自澱粉,所以看起來特別透明。
(澄粉就是完全沒有筋度的麵粉,所以更透明,例如蝦餃)
有人把水餃拿去蒸,代替蒸餃,這不是很好的做法。水餃含水量不足,蒸時必需加水,不然會粉粉硬硬的像沒熟,若加水去蒸,口感仍然像水餃,沒有蒸餃的Q和透明感。
冷水麵用煮的最好,可以吸到足夠的水,但也要注意煮的時間,煮太久,吸太多水,就會太軟爛。
冷水麵也可以用炸的,逼出本來已經不多的水份,加入油份,變成油酥麵般的香脆口感。如果用燙麵炸,水份很難去的乾淨,不容易炸脆。 [冷水麵胡加上泡打粉及冰塊和義大利麵包削 就是最好的油炸粉皮]
最後提到各種麵食需要的水溫。
和麵的水溫只有沸水和冷水兩種,沸水指95℃上下,冷水就是室溫的水。和麵不宜用「溫水」,只有先加沸水再加冷水的做法,這專用在「煎」的麵食上。
在和鍋貼、蔥油餅、餡餅的麵糰時,食譜會寫兩種水的分量──先把沸水沖入麵粉盆中,用筷子用力攪拌,讓大部份麵粉變成燙麵,再把冷水加入,讓小部份麵粉變成冷水麵。
燙麵很Q,冷水麵在油中煎過會很脆(就像巧果),所以好吃的蔥油餅是外脆內Q的。如果把沸水加冷水變成溫水,再來和麵,兩種效果都無法達成。
至於要Q不要脆的麵食,如蒸餃、湯包、荷葉餅等,一定要全用沸水,做出來才會又軟又Q,冷了也不變硬。
菜盒子算是半煎半烙的,所以也可以加部份冷水,但不宜太多,否則外皮會太硬。
烙蔥油餅
冷凍起來以後慢慢吃
*******************
蔥油餅 的食譜
*******************
中筋麵粉 ... 21/2杯 (flour 2 1/2 cups)
冷水 ... 1/4杯 (cold water 1/4 cup)
開水 ... 3/4杯 (HOT water 3/4 cup)
油 ... 少許(或豬油) (oil or fat some)
蔥 ... 1杯(連葉切花) (Onion chopped 1cup)
鹽1/4茶匙, 胡椒粉適量 (salt 1/4 tp)
Mix the flour and hot water first. Then add cold water mix together. Roll in a ball and then make it flat add onion and brush some oil. Make it into some small ball. Put in the refrigerator. Let it cold down and relax for 20 ~30 minutes.
Cut out small ball size and make then thin and flat. Put in the fly pan and cook until brown. It should be outside very crisp and inside very soft.
http://recipe.goolu.com/01_catalog/index.php?php=prototype/h017_053_a.htm
****************************
因自己超愛吃蔥油餅.所以最近到處看蔥油餅食譜..發現有好多種做法.及材料. ... 蔥油餅Q中帶軟就算涼了吃也不會變硬.... 想吃略帶酥的口感的話.就略煎焦一點點..這樣就會外面酥裡面Q軟了
... 燙麵Q軟,冷水麵煎炸後香脆,所以用半燙麵可以做出表皮香脆而內裡Q軟的蔥油餅和抓餅。 蔥油餅 10張 "脆中帶軟,軟中帶Q " 的蔥"抓"餅
使用中筋麵燙麵不要加放鹽,因為那樣會增加麵食的軔性和增加它的Q度出來。 燙麵的功夫,就是要把麵燙的越沒筋度、越軟越好吃。
冷藏過後的..吃起來爆軟爆Q的!!先放冷藏!!早上煎了兩片當早餐..吃起來就好像比昨天現做的軟.真的有差說!!!****************************
蔥油餅(附食譜)為食加菲 | 5th Dec 2007 | 中式點心 | (3663 Reads)
http://janetnetchu.mysinablog.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=892380
蔥油餅食譜
材料 : (4張)份
A料: 中筋粉200G, 鹽2G, 沸水100G, 冷水60G.
B料 : 蔥花3條, 菜油1/4杯, 麻油1茶匙, 鹽1/4茶匙, 胡椒粉適量.
做法 :
1. 將A料中的粉和鹽過篩, 沖入沸水, 用筷子快速攪拌成雪花片狀, 再加入冷水混合搓揉成糰, 盖上保鮮紙醒20分鐘, 取出揉成光滑之麵糰.
2. 麻油加菜油一起燒熱, 沖入蔥花及鹽中, 下胡椒粉拌勻成蔥油餡.
3. 將麵糰分割成80G一個, 擀成大薄圓麵皮, 抹上蔥油餡, 捲成豬腸粉狀再盤成螺旋狀, 保鮮紙蓋面放冷藏醒20分鐘.
4. 將麵糰取出擀成薄餅. 易潔鍋放1湯匙油, 煎至兩面上色, 加1湯匙水, 蓋上鍋蓋, 煎至沒水聲, 再下1茶匙油, 煎至兩面金黃即成.
**放入水一起煎的作用是可使餅外脆內嫩, 生餅皮可一次多做, 以保鮮袋分隔開後放入冷凍箱, 隨時食都可以**
************************************************************
中筋麵粉..1000g
沸水..560g
冷水..240g
碎肥豬肉..400g
沙拉油..少許
蔥屑..200g
食鹽..20g
(一)麵粉放入攪拌缸,先沖入沸水(90度c以上)用筷子攪拌成塊狀,再慢慢加入冷水,揉成軟麵糰(放置醒麵30分鐘)。
(二)將麵糰分成12份,每份150g,分別桿成薄皮後,加上碎肥豬肉(可用沙拉油代替)、鹽、蔥屑,捲成長筒狀,盤成螺旋形,放冷藏鬆弛30分鐘後,再桿成餅。
(三)平底鍋稍熱後,加少許沙拉油,將餅放入,兩面煎黃,層次分明即熟。
◎碎肥豬肉指的是家裡拿來炸豬油的那種肥油攪碎後!在步驟2中包在麵糰裡,煎的時候就會不見了!
◎如果買不到肥豬肉,用豬油也是可以的,不過要冰過等它凝固比較好使用!
◎沙拉油120g是步驟3中用來煎蔥油餅的!自己酌量!
◎多試幾次即可抓到竅門了...
●碎肥豬肉可用沙拉油代替,於步驟2中將沙拉油均勻塗抹在麵皮上即可!
http://www.diybakery.com/recipe/recipelistdetail.asp?ManufactureNo=a025
*************************
【材料】
中筋麵粉 600公克
細鹽 5公克
細砂糖 30公克
70℃溫水 380㏄
豬絞肉 300公克
蔥花 200公克
【調味料】
沙拉油 30㏄
醬油 30公克
細砂糖 15公克
白胡椒粉 3公克
豬油 80公克
【做法】
1.將中筋麵粉、細鹽及細砂糖放入鋼盆中,倒入HOT 熱水 後再加入冷水,以桿麵棍攪拌均勻後,再用雙手揉約3分鐘至勻。
2.取乾淨的濕毛巾或保鮮膜,將作法1材料蓋好,以防表皮乾硬,靜置放冷藏放涼,醒約20分鐘備用。
3.取炒鍋加熱後,加入約30cc沙拉油,放入豬絞肉,以中火炒至肉散開後,加入醬油、細砂糖、白胡椒粉,續以小火炒至水分乾掉後,取出放涼,再加入蔥花拌勻成餡料備用。
4.將作法2醒過的麵糰揉至表面光滑,再將麵糰分成5份,各桿成厚約0.2公分的圓型,於麵糰表面塗上豬油後,灑上作法3餡料,再捲成圓筒狀,盤成圓型,靜置醒約10分鐘備用。
5.將作法4醒過的麵糰壓扁後,桿開成稍厚的圓型麵皮。
6.取平底鍋加熱後,加入約1大匙沙拉油,放入作法5的圓型麵皮,以小火煎至兩面金黃酥脆即可。
***************************************
**************************************
麵的製作配方怎樣才Q?
麵粉加水揉製,全世界都用冷水,用沸水是中式麵食獨有的做法。
加沸水和冷水的差別在於:
一、麵粉的吸水率不同
二、麵粉的性質改變
麵粉可以吸收的沸水,比冷水多一倍以上。純沸水麵糰,如荷葉餅,100克麵粉可加100克沸水,仍然是結實的麵糰。
純冷水麵糰,如餃子皮,100克麵粉只能加40克冷水,如果加100克冷水,它會變成麵糊。
這就是您說的「軟硬度」──配方正確的麵糰,剛開始揉時會有點黏手,越揉越光滑,最後成為軟硬適中的麵糰,感覺就像摸自己的臉頰。加了100克沸水和加了40克冷水的麵糰,軟硬都像這樣,非常接近。
麵粉的性質改變,是指它已經被「燙熟」,所以麵筋無力,比較不會收縮,製作上更方便。
我們在做麵食時,食譜常指示把麵糰「醒」幾分鐘。「醒」就是放置麵糰,使之鬆弛、均質。
剛揉好的冷水麵糰,因為麵筋形成且被拉扯,所以很緊繃,你要擀成什麼形狀,它偏不聽,一直縮來縮去,必需放置一段時間讓它鬆弛,才能擀成需要的形狀而不會變形。
燙麵就沒這問題,不醒也會乖乖聽話。(但是放置一段時間仍然是需要的,這能使兩種麵糰都均質化,本來揉的不好的麵糰,放置一段時間,再一揉,會變得光滑許多。)
燙麵和冷水麵,因為這些不同,所以烹調法也不同。
燙麵適合蒸(蒸餃、湯包)、煎(鍋貼、蔥油餅、餡餅)、烙(菜盒子、荷葉餅)
冷水麵都是用煮的(麵條、餃子、餛飩、貓耳朵),少數用炸的(巧果)
蒸、煎、烙這三種方法,麵食都不易吸收到水份,所以不能用冷水麵做,必需用含很多水份的燙麵製做。由於沒有直接沾到水,所以吃起來口感特別Q,不軟爛,也因為麵筋失效,它的Q度來自澱粉,所以看起來特別透明。
(澄粉就是完全沒有筋度的麵粉,所以更透明,例如蝦餃)
有人把水餃拿去蒸,代替蒸餃,這不是很好的做法。水餃含水量不足,蒸時必需加水,不然會粉粉硬硬的像沒熟,若加水去蒸,口感仍然像水餃,沒有蒸餃的Q和透明感。
冷水麵用煮的最好,可以吸到足夠的水,但也要注意煮的時間,煮太久,吸太多水,就會太軟爛。
冷水麵也可以用炸的,逼出本來已經不多的水份,加入油份,變成油酥麵般的香脆口感。如果用燙麵炸,水份很難去的乾淨,不容易炸脆。 [冷水麵胡加上泡打粉及冰塊和義大利麵包削 就是最好的油炸粉皮]
最後提到各種麵食需要的水溫。
和麵的水溫只有沸水和冷水兩種,沸水指95℃上下,冷水就是室溫的水。和麵不宜用「溫水」,只有先加沸水再加冷水的做法,這專用在「煎」的麵食上。
在和鍋貼、蔥油餅、餡餅的麵糰時,食譜會寫兩種水的分量──先把沸水沖入麵粉盆中,用筷子用力攪拌,讓大部份麵粉變成燙麵,再把冷水加入,讓小部份麵粉變成冷水麵。
燙麵很Q,冷水麵在油中煎過會很脆(就像巧果),所以好吃的蔥油餅是外脆內Q的。如果把沸水加冷水變成溫水,再來和麵,兩種效果都無法達成。
至於要Q不要脆的麵食,如蒸餃、湯包、荷葉餅等,一定要全用沸水,做出來才會又軟又Q,冷了也不變硬。
菜盒子算是半煎半烙的,所以也可以加部份冷水,但不宜太多,否則外皮會太硬。
2008年3月19日 星期三
Chinese food cooking
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sg0Cr1N5_Jk Hot tofu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msIbYkNDzkM&NR=1 shrimp
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSqm3a5C01s&NR=1 Beef by Eileen Yin-Fei Lo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ND2NhRhptw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lxwv23KNwf0&feature=related
Spicy Orange Chicken
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyPc5_GHeRI&feature=related
Exotic Foods of China (insects, snails & more)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwLLymJYb5Q&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmuBGbvWxWE&NR=1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msIbYkNDzkM&NR=1 shrimp
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSqm3a5C01s&NR=1 Beef by Eileen Yin-Fei Lo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ND2NhRhptw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lxwv23KNwf0&feature=related
Spicy Orange Chicken
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyPc5_GHeRI&feature=related
Exotic Foods of China (insects, snails & more)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwLLymJYb5Q&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmuBGbvWxWE&NR=1
2008年3月18日 星期二
10 Perfect Food & Wine Pairings
Dining
Ten Perfect Food & Wine Pairings
Pascale LeDraoulec 03.04.08, 6:00 PM ET
Spring is on the minds of many chefs, but don't expect to find asparagus or artichokes on the menu at Alain Ducasse's new restaurant Adour in New York City.
"They've been banned from the ingredient list," says Tony Esnault, the Ducasse protégé running the kitchen.
Their crime?
"They are just not easy to pair with great wines," he says.
In Depth: 10 Perfect Food & Wine Pairings
He should know. That's because Adour, located in the St. Regis Hotel, is all about the pairing. Each dish on the menu was conceived with a particular wine in mind; each wine defines the dish, and vice versa.
Related Stories
World's Top Wine Lists
Exceptional, Hard-to-Find Wines
Wine director Thomas Combescot and Esnault worked side by side to draft the menu--a grueling process where every ingredient was dissected for its wine-pairing qualities.
In the lamb entrée for example, they came to the conclusion that accent shavings of preserved lemon were cut too large, detracting from the Domaine Templier red Bandol on the palate.
Esnault says the pairing he's most pleased with involves the sautéed sweetbread appetizer. The delicate sweetbreads are sautéed in a Meuniere sauce and topped with a golden, molten poached egg with toasted brioche and wild mushrooms. They're paired with a 2005 Rosemary's Vineyard Chardonnay from Talley Vineyards in California, a wine whose "buttery nature really lifts the unctuous yellow of the egg."
Now that we've become a nation of know-it-all foodies, food and wine pairings like these have become the next culinary obsession.
"Food and wine pairing has finally hit the tipping point, in that it is now expected at fine-dining restaurants, and increasingly at any self-respecting restaurant," says Karen Page, author (with Andrew Dornenburg) of What To Drink with What You Eat. Even places like the Olive Garden are getting into the food and wine pairing act, she says.
The trend is only going to intensify as more and more chefs are educating themselves about wine, Page adds. Indeed, more chefs than ever before are enrolling in the nation's leading wine programs.
Pairing 101
Paul Grieco, the maverick wine director at Hearth and Insieme restaurants in New York City, says there is a science to pairing, but it's not very complicated. There are four basic components of taste: sweet, sour, salt and bitter. The trick is to find one component in the dish and then either find a wine that contrasts or emulates it.
"Most everything we learned about pairing food and wine started with mom's traditional glass of milk and cookies," he says. "The sweetness of the milk helped cut the bitterness of the chocolate." As adults, we continued pairing subconsciously "by hanging out and drinking beer with pretzels," contrasting the salt of the pretzels with the acidity of the beer.
Of Esnault's sweetbreads, for example, wine director Combescot says not only do the dish and wine share notes of toasted bread, caramel and white peppers, but they also share a yellow-orange color with shades of brown--a common sommelier's trick in pairing.
Best Blends
We asked several chefs across the country to share some recent food and wine pairings of note.
Jody Adams, of Rialto Restaurant and Bar in Boston, credits her wine director, Kelly Coggins, for convincing her to try a sparkling shiraz with her big, saucy short ribs served with Gorgonzola croquettes.
"It was amazing," says Adams, who notes that everyone working in the kitchen was dazzled by the duo.
For some chefs, the "Aha!" moment occurred on vacation--and unexpectedly. Michelle Bernstein, chef at the very hot Michy's in Miami, which has a fetching, if short, wine list, was at L'Atelier de Joel Robuchon in New York City when she sneaked a sip of her husband's Billecart-Salmon rose champagne to try with her sea urchin in a lobster gelee topped with cauliflower puree. The luxurious combination, she says, catapulted her straight to a patch of sun in the South of France.
And the pairing doesn't stop at wine.
Tom Colicchio, of Craft restaurants and Bravo's Top Chef, says he and his wife recently experienced pairing bliss that involved beer when they enjoyed some seared foie gras in a sour cherry sauce with a Lindemans Kriek Cherry beer right at the bar at Craft NYC.
It's unlikely you'd ever get Eric Ripert to drink a cherry-flavored ale: Le Bernardin's master of all things seafood drinks only bordeaux, which makes pairings tricky and drives his sommeliers crazy.
"I'm stubborn," says Ripert, "and set in my ways."
So his wine director was thrilled recently when Ripert walked in raving about a rose he'd tried at Wolffer Estate Vineyards in the Hamptons, where he owns a home. Ripert was so excited about the wine he had some delivered to the Midtown restaurant to immediately see what he could pair it with. He came up with a tartare of black bass with macerated black olives, and he says the pairing left him speechless.
And though it's been months since Michael Cimarusti of Providence in Los Angeles dined at Manresa in Los Gatos, Calif., he won't soon forget the magical combination of Chef David Kinch's Copper River salmon with rich smoked brook trout roe and a 1991 Francois Jobard Bourgogne blanc. The wine, recommended by sommelier Jeff Bareilles, cut right through the salty richness of the roe "and left your palate clean as a whistle," says Cimarusti.
Talk about providence ... not only did Cimarusti take home a great pairing, but he ended up hiring the L.A.-bound server for his own restaurant.
A perfect pairing indeed.
In Depth: 10 Perfect Food & Wine Pairings
http://www.forbes.com/2008/03/04/wine-food-pairing-forbeslife-cx_pl_0304wine_print.html
Ten Perfect Food & Wine Pairings
Pascale LeDraoulec 03.04.08, 6:00 PM ET
Spring is on the minds of many chefs, but don't expect to find asparagus or artichokes on the menu at Alain Ducasse's new restaurant Adour in New York City.
"They've been banned from the ingredient list," says Tony Esnault, the Ducasse protégé running the kitchen.
Their crime?
"They are just not easy to pair with great wines," he says.
In Depth: 10 Perfect Food & Wine Pairings
He should know. That's because Adour, located in the St. Regis Hotel, is all about the pairing. Each dish on the menu was conceived with a particular wine in mind; each wine defines the dish, and vice versa.
Related Stories
World's Top Wine Lists
Exceptional, Hard-to-Find Wines
Wine director Thomas Combescot and Esnault worked side by side to draft the menu--a grueling process where every ingredient was dissected for its wine-pairing qualities.
In the lamb entrée for example, they came to the conclusion that accent shavings of preserved lemon were cut too large, detracting from the Domaine Templier red Bandol on the palate.
Esnault says the pairing he's most pleased with involves the sautéed sweetbread appetizer. The delicate sweetbreads are sautéed in a Meuniere sauce and topped with a golden, molten poached egg with toasted brioche and wild mushrooms. They're paired with a 2005 Rosemary's Vineyard Chardonnay from Talley Vineyards in California, a wine whose "buttery nature really lifts the unctuous yellow of the egg."
Now that we've become a nation of know-it-all foodies, food and wine pairings like these have become the next culinary obsession.
"Food and wine pairing has finally hit the tipping point, in that it is now expected at fine-dining restaurants, and increasingly at any self-respecting restaurant," says Karen Page, author (with Andrew Dornenburg) of What To Drink with What You Eat. Even places like the Olive Garden are getting into the food and wine pairing act, she says.
The trend is only going to intensify as more and more chefs are educating themselves about wine, Page adds. Indeed, more chefs than ever before are enrolling in the nation's leading wine programs.
Pairing 101
Paul Grieco, the maverick wine director at Hearth and Insieme restaurants in New York City, says there is a science to pairing, but it's not very complicated. There are four basic components of taste: sweet, sour, salt and bitter. The trick is to find one component in the dish and then either find a wine that contrasts or emulates it.
"Most everything we learned about pairing food and wine started with mom's traditional glass of milk and cookies," he says. "The sweetness of the milk helped cut the bitterness of the chocolate." As adults, we continued pairing subconsciously "by hanging out and drinking beer with pretzels," contrasting the salt of the pretzels with the acidity of the beer.
Of Esnault's sweetbreads, for example, wine director Combescot says not only do the dish and wine share notes of toasted bread, caramel and white peppers, but they also share a yellow-orange color with shades of brown--a common sommelier's trick in pairing.
Best Blends
We asked several chefs across the country to share some recent food and wine pairings of note.
Jody Adams, of Rialto Restaurant and Bar in Boston, credits her wine director, Kelly Coggins, for convincing her to try a sparkling shiraz with her big, saucy short ribs served with Gorgonzola croquettes.
"It was amazing," says Adams, who notes that everyone working in the kitchen was dazzled by the duo.
For some chefs, the "Aha!" moment occurred on vacation--and unexpectedly. Michelle Bernstein, chef at the very hot Michy's in Miami, which has a fetching, if short, wine list, was at L'Atelier de Joel Robuchon in New York City when she sneaked a sip of her husband's Billecart-Salmon rose champagne to try with her sea urchin in a lobster gelee topped with cauliflower puree. The luxurious combination, she says, catapulted her straight to a patch of sun in the South of France.
And the pairing doesn't stop at wine.
Tom Colicchio, of Craft restaurants and Bravo's Top Chef, says he and his wife recently experienced pairing bliss that involved beer when they enjoyed some seared foie gras in a sour cherry sauce with a Lindemans Kriek Cherry beer right at the bar at Craft NYC.
It's unlikely you'd ever get Eric Ripert to drink a cherry-flavored ale: Le Bernardin's master of all things seafood drinks only bordeaux, which makes pairings tricky and drives his sommeliers crazy.
"I'm stubborn," says Ripert, "and set in my ways."
So his wine director was thrilled recently when Ripert walked in raving about a rose he'd tried at Wolffer Estate Vineyards in the Hamptons, where he owns a home. Ripert was so excited about the wine he had some delivered to the Midtown restaurant to immediately see what he could pair it with. He came up with a tartare of black bass with macerated black olives, and he says the pairing left him speechless.
And though it's been months since Michael Cimarusti of Providence in Los Angeles dined at Manresa in Los Gatos, Calif., he won't soon forget the magical combination of Chef David Kinch's Copper River salmon with rich smoked brook trout roe and a 1991 Francois Jobard Bourgogne blanc. The wine, recommended by sommelier Jeff Bareilles, cut right through the salty richness of the roe "and left your palate clean as a whistle," says Cimarusti.
Talk about providence ... not only did Cimarusti take home a great pairing, but he ended up hiring the L.A.-bound server for his own restaurant.
A perfect pairing indeed.
In Depth: 10 Perfect Food & Wine Pairings
http://www.forbes.com/2008/03/04/wine-food-pairing-forbeslife-cx_pl_0304wine_print.html
訂閱:
文章 (Atom)